How to Get a Driver’s License in Japan

Japan is famous for having an excellent train system that keeps the entire country connected. But even so, having the option to hop into a car and drive to your destination is a type of freedom and convenience that even Japan’s world-famous bullet trains can’t replicate. 

For expats living in Japan, having a valid driver’s license is a necessity for anyone looking to fully feel at home in a foreign country. However, Japan has specific rules and regulations about transferring your driver’s license depending on your visa status and country of origin. This guide breaks down everything you need to know about driving legally in Japan, whether you’re a short-term visitor or a long-term resident looking to obtain a Japanese driver’s license.

Can Tourists Drive in Japan?

In short, yes, tourists can drive in Japan. Obtaining the proper permit or license depends on the duration of your stay and your country of origin. 

For short-term visitors, driving in Japan requires an International Driving Permit (IDP), in accordance with the 1949 Geneva Convention. The IDP must be obtained in your home country before arriving in Japan and is valid for up to one year or the duration of your stay, whichever is shorter. 

Be sure to carry your original driver’s license and passport when driving with your IDP. IDPs cannot be renewed in Japan, and overstaying the validity is illegal. 

Note: Countries such as Belgium, France, Germany, Monaco, Slovenia, Switzerland and Taiwan do not issue IDPs under the Geneva Convention. Instead, drivers from these countries need an official Japanese translation of their home license.

Driving in Japan with a Foreign License (Short-Term Residents)

For foreign residents or visitors who are staying in Japan for less than one year, an IDP or a foreign license with a Japanese translation (depending on your country of origin) will be permissible to drive and rent vehicles legally in Japan. For those obtaining translated driver’s licenses, the translation must be issued by the Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) or the relevant embassy.

Getting a Japanese Driver’s License (For Long-term Residents)

What if you plan to stay in Japan longer than a year? If Japan is set to be your home for the longterm, an IDP won’t be the most practical solution—remember that you need to apply and obtain an IDP in your home country outside of Japan! If you’re a long-term resident of Japan, you will need to obtain a Japanese driver’s license. 

For getting a Japanese driver’s license, there are two main paths you can take:

1. License Conversion (Gaimen Kirikae 外国元置換)
2. Taking the full Japanese driving test

Let’s take a closer look at what each path entails.

Path 1: License Conversion (Gaimen Kirikae)

Citizens from certain countries can convert their foreign license to a Japanese one without taking a full driving test. Eligible countries include the UK, Australia, Canada, Germany, France and certain states within the US.

In order to successfully convert your foreign license, you will need these documents:

• Valid foreign license
• Japanese translation (via JAF or your embassy)
• Passport
• Japanese Residence Card (Zaiyu card)
• Certificate of Residence (Juminhyo)

You will also need to:

• Pass a simple written traffic rules test (10 questions)
• Take a basic eye test

In most cases, no practical driving test is required. The process typically takes a few weeks, depending on the local license center.

Path 2: Taking the Japanese Driving Test from Scratch

If you’re from a country not eligible for license conversion, or if you don’t have a license, you must go through the full testing process, which includes:

• Written test (available in English)
• Practical test (usually done on a closed course)

Many applicants find the practical test challenging. The pass rate is low, and multiple attempts are common. You can prepare by attending a driving school, which increases your chances significantly but can cost up to ¥500,000.

Tips for the Practical Test

• Drive slowly and deliberately
• Follow all safety checks (mirrors, head movement)
• Avoid sudden braking or acceleration
• Practice the specific route if possible
• Make exaggerated head checks
• Observe all stop lines strictly
• Don’t cut corners
• Remember: Safety and discipline are prioritized over speed

Renewing a Japanese License

A standard Japanese license is valid for 3 or 5 years. You will receive a notice for renewal, which includes:

• A brief safety course (in Japanese)
• An eye exam

Renewal is relatively straightforward but must be done before the expiry date to avoid penalties.

Driving in Japan: Practical Info

Whether you’re here for a short trip or planning to stay long-term, understanding Japan’s licensing system can save you time, money and legal trouble. The process may seem complex, but with the right preparation, driving in Japan can be a rewarding experience.

And remember:

• Japan drives on the left side! ​​A recent series of high-profile traffic accidents involving foreign drivers—especially wrong-way driving incidents—have prompted authorities to reassess how foreign licenses are converted in Japan
• Seatbelts are mandatory
• ETC cards are used for toll highways
• Speed limits: 40 km/h in cities, 80-100 km/h on expressways (some areas 120 km/h)
• Drunk driving is strictly prohibited – Any measurable alcohol is considered illegal. Penalties: Up to 5 years in prison or a fine up to ¥1 million

Useful apps: Google Maps, PPPark, GoTaxi

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